Bu-Ali Sina UniversityBiosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies3092-73311120250301Treatment of Greywater Washing Machine Through Cold Plasma for Hydroponic Cultivation111594110.22084/best.2025.30245.1000ENM.NikzadfarDepartment of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, P. O. Box: 36100, Vicenza, Italy0009-0004-9657-1277R.AbbaszadehDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Agricultural Research Institute, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 33535111, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-5475-679XJournal Article20241210 Greywater, which forms 50-80% of domestic wastewater, is increasingly viewed to reuse in agriculture due to its low content of pathogens and the global need to conserve fresh flows of water resources. This research investigates the efficiency and sustainability related to the use of Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) for greywater treatment meant for hydroponic cultivation of lettuce. ACP-treated greywater had improved quality, attaining a reduced Chemical Oxygen Demand by 75%, with better nutrient content, such as 23.5 and 8 percent increase in total N and K, and a slight adjustment in pH values to those optimal for lettuce cultivation. Due to this, some healthier and more vigorous lettuce plants developed, characterized by an average of 5 more leaves in each sample, darker and greener foliage, and higher chlorophyll content. The results obtained from this study prove that ACP is a much better and more efficient method for greywater treatment as compared to the traditional methods of physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Hence, it opens up new avenues toward establishing certain techniques in providing sustainable agriculture use and water resource management. Further research should be done on applying ACP technology in greywater treatment for expanded farm application.https://best.basu.ac.ir/article_5941_e0b60d939b4a80628dfd66b1e0bb65fa.pdfBu-Ali Sina UniversityBiosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies3092-73311120250301Design, Construction and Evaluation of Cherry Tomato Sorter Machine1323594310.22084/best.2025.30295.1001ENB.SepehrDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran0000-0003-3676-6625H.Hajy Agha AlizadehDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali sina University, Hamedn, Iran0000-0002-3107-6994I.HazbawiDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran0000-0001-7662-503XJournal Article20241222 There are very few mechanized and intelligent methods for separating produced, especially agricultural products, and among them, products such as cherry tomatoes, which have a high production rate in Iran, require grading and sorting to help human resources increase productivity and prevent the fruit from opening during harvesting, grading, storage, and shipping to places of consumption. The device was designed using SolidWorks 2019 software, and the data was analyzed with SPSS software and modeled with Abaqus software. This machine is capable of separating the mentioned fruit into three sizes: large, medium, and small diameters. Three treatments were considered based on size, variety, and moisture<br />percentage. After being released on the belt, the fruits entered the perforated roller, which performed the sorting operation in three sizes. The purpose of this research was to design, construct, and evaluate this device, and to introduce a dedicated device for cherry tomatoes as a practical product in Iran. The results showed that by using the device, it was registered and presented for 100 cherry tomatoes and finally provided an acceptable answer with 89% correct separation. Modeling for the machine showed that the size model presented with a coefficient of explanation of 85% was significant. The regression model showed that by increasing the distance between the holes by one unit, the percentage of healthy<br />fruit will increase by 67%. This value can be minimized by eliminating the causes of the error, and as a result, this device can be used for sorting cherry tomatoes with a high degree of reliability and high speed (89% resolution).https://best.basu.ac.ir/article_5943_9a3f54913bf27e648d1759c18d007165.pdfBu-Ali Sina UniversityBiosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies3092-73311120250301Analyzing and Investigating the Application of the Aerodynamic Airfoil for Use in Small Wind Turbines with Q-blade Software and Simulation with Ansys Fluent software2537605110.22084/best.2025.30435.1002ENR.ShahbaziDepartment of Agrotechnology, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranS.KouravandDepartment of Agrotechnology, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1685-0440Journal Article20250120 According to the review, the extraction of electricity using wind turbines can be done in remote regions with good wind speed. Wind speed Firozkouh as a pilot region to investigate the airfoil NREL’s 835 with wind speed 5.6m/s with wind density 145W/m<sup>2</sup> is intended. By analyzing Q-blade and Ansys Fluent software on the above airfoil and with regional wind speed, the values of Cl and Cd were obtained equal to 0.595 and 0.213, respectively. Using the mentioned software, a blade with a length of 1.3 m has been designed. According to the designed blade, the rotational output power of the turbine was analyzed, and the maximum power produced by the wind turbine at a speed of 20m/s, the output power is equal to 110W. This type of airfoil is suitable for regions with high wind speed15 m/s and b length of at least 2m. Extract that for a small wind turbine is a very good production capacity that can be used in designs related to the construction of turbines and even the creation of small-scale power plants.https://best.basu.ac.ir/article_6051_1d0932d7f57ce74d9d9931a2c6db8a06.pdfBu-Ali Sina UniversityBiosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies3092-73311120250301Renewable Energy Transition in Iran: A Path Towards Sustainability and Energy Security3948594210.22084/best.2025.30446.1003ENB.ShadidiDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0001-6588-5629M.DarabpourDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0009-0006-5124-0145Journal Article20250122 The increasing energy consumption in Iran and other countries has caused numerous problems. These problems include environmental issues, energy imbalance, threats to energy security, unemployment, dependency on other countries, and more. This article examines the necessity of developing renewable energy in Iran, focusing on its environmental, economic, and social benefits. The increasing energy consumption and reliance on fossil fuels have led to numerous challenges, including environmental pollution, energy imbalances, and economic vulnerabilities. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, offer sustainable and efficient solutions to address these issues. With its diverse natural resources and favorable geographical conditions, Iran possesses significant potential for the development of renewable energy. This study analyzes the status of renewable energy-related legislation in Iran, the global trends in the utilization and development of these resources, and their role in enhancing energy security and creating employment opportunities. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions between fossil fuel-based and renewable energy power plants highlights the environmental advantages of renewable energy sources. The findings reveal that adopting renewable energy not only improves environmental quality but also contributes to job creation and the reduction of energy poverty. By leveraging its solar and wind potential and implementing appropriate supportive policies, Iran can position itself as a regional leader in renewable energy development and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.https://best.basu.ac.ir/article_5942_b0dd033cbe58aa5ea27747271bfd84e3.pdfBu-Ali Sina UniversityBiosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies3092-73311120250301Smart Farming: How Drones Are Transforming the Future of Food Production?4967605310.22084/best.2025.30490.1004ENE.BagheriDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0009-0007-6778-5948H.KhodkamDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0001-8333-1785Journal Article20250202 Agriculture in the 21st century confronts numerous obstacles, such as increasing population, climate alterations, and resource depletion. Addressing these challenges requires innovative approaches to guarantee food security and sustainability. Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have emerged as transformative tools in precision agriculture, offering capabilities such as crop monitoring, pesticide spraying, planting, and soil analysis. Equipped with advanced sensors, GPS, and artificial intelligence (AI), drones optimize resource use, minimize environmental impact, and enhance productivity. They are categorized into fixed-wing, multi-rotor, and hybrid types, each designed for specific agricultural tasks. Despite their potential, widespread adoption faces barriers such as high costs, limited flight duration, and the need for technical expertise. Future advancements in AI, the Internet of Things (IoT), and battery technology are expected to address these limitations, paving the way for more efficient and extensive use of drones in agriculture. Government policies, training programs, and technological innovations play a critical role in promoting drone adoption, particularly in developing regions. By integrating drones into farming practices, agriculture can achieve greater efficiency, sustainability, and resilience, ultimately contributing to global food security and the reduction of hunger.https://best.basu.ac.ir/article_6053_4e55139e019a58e0084f194f758ffdea.pdfBu-Ali Sina UniversityBiosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies3092-73311120250301Innovation in Packaging Industries: Packaging of Agricultural and Food Products6976605610.22084/best.2025.30707.1007ENR.GholamiDepartment of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Sonqor Agriculture Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20250322The development of the packaging industry in the agricultural and food industries can not only have a significant impact on increasing the shelf life and preserving the quality of these products but will also increase the economic value and improve the marketability of these products. This review article attempts to introduce innovations in the packaging industry and point out important factors in producing suitable packaging for agricultural and food products. Agricultural products are still alive in the postharvest stages, meaning they breathe (consume O<sub>2</sub> and release CO<sub>2</sub> ), which this behavior is unique to each product. Therefore, to package such products, it is necessary to evaluate their behavior during the post-harvest and processing periods and consider packaging conditions appropriate to that behavior for the product. The use of films equipped with Nanoparticles (Nano clay, Nano silica, Nanosilver, etc.) can improve the properties of packaging films and make them suitable for preserving food and agricultural products. On the other hand, creating an atmosphere and injecting gases appropriate to the conditions of the product inside the package will help control the respiration rate and delay the aging and spoilage of the product. Edible and non-edible coatings can also be useful in maintaining the quality of agricultural and food products by creating a protective layer around the product and controlling the respiration rate and enzymatic activities. Also, a combination of the methods described may improve the storage conditions of some agricultural and food products by intensifying the positive effect of each.https://best.basu.ac.ir/article_6056_ee1abc6b5f7c6acb34ad076b05d40815.pdf